Global research trends in BPaL and BPaLM regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis: a bibliometric analysis

The introduction of BPaL and BPaLM regimens has revolutionized drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, offering superior efficacy, shorter duration, and better tolerability than conventional therapies. Despite their rapid WHO guideline incorporation, no prior bibliometric analysis has been conducted on this topic. This study addresses this gap by mapping global knowledge production, collaborations, and thematic trends to inform future research and implementation strategies.

We analyzed Scopus-indexed publications using controlled vocabulary for BPaL/BPaLM regimens. From 551 initial records, 120 met inclusion criteria after screening. Bibliometrix and VOS Viewer software evaluated publication trends, authorship, institutional/geographical contributions, citations, and keyword networks. Visualization tools mapped collaborations and thematic clusters, while statistical methods assessed growth rates and citation impacts.

The study identified 1,081 authors, with publications growing at 11.61% annually and peaking in 2024 (n = 56). International collaborations featured in 53.33% of studies, led by the US (n = 56), UK (n = 25), and South Africa (n = 20). Johns Hopkins University was the top institution (n = 56), and Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy the leading journal (n = 15). Landmark 2019 publications had the highest citation rate (13.05/year). Thematic analysis revealed categorization into three domains: pathogen and drug resistance, treatment regimens and efficacy, and demographics and clinical studies. Strong collaborations linked high-income and high-burden countries, notably the US and South Africa.

This first bibliometric assessment of BPaL/BPaLM research highlights progress in evidence generation but reveals gaps in implementation science and equitable knowledge production. Future work should address operational challenges, special populations, and resistance monitoring. These insights can guide researchers, policymakers, and funders to optimize TB control programs and advance global elimination goals.