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Do offspring characteristics reflect parental migration variation?

Madeleine Berry1, Jan G Davidsen2, Marie Nevoux3,4

  • 1Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

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|October 4, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Offspring of long- and short-distance migrating sea trout (Salmo trutta) showed some differences in dominance and activity, but not consistently. Phenotypic variation was linked more to location than parental migration distance.

Keywords:
Europebehaviourboldnessmigrationmorphologysalmonid

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Ichthyology

Background:

  • Sea trout (Salmo trutta) exhibit diverse migratory behaviors, including varying freshwater migration distances.
  • Parental migratory strategy is a potential driver of phenotypic variation in offspring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if offspring of long- and short-distance migrating sea trout exhibit phenotypic differences.
  • To assess the influence of parental migration distance on offspring behavior and morphology.
  • To explore the relationship between boldness and latitude in sea trout.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted behavioral tests (dyadic contest, boldness scoring, open field test) on sea trout juveniles.
  • Performed morphological analysis, specifically measuring relative pectoral-fin length.
  • Collected data across multiple European freshwater systems to capture geographic variation.

Main Results:

  • Offspring of long-distance migrants showed increased dominance in some instances and activity in one case, but no differences in swimming performance.
  • Boldness and relative pectoral-fin length were significantly related to the site of origin, with varied directional effects.
  • A general trend of decreasing boldness was observed with declining latitude.

Conclusions:

  • Phenotypic variation in juvenile sea trout is influenced by factors beyond parental migratory strategy, including local environmental conditions.
  • Management and conservation strategies for anadromous Salmo trutta should consider habitat restoration and removal of migration barriers to support phenotypic diversity.