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Related Concept Videos

Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Central to the gray matter is...
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Direct Motor Pathways01:11

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The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
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Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

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The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Thoracic Spinal Cord Hemisection Surgery and Open-Field Locomotor Assessment in the Rat
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A spinal circuit for skilled locomotion.

Elisa Toscano1, Nadezhda Evtushenko1, Maddalena Giomi1

  • 1Laboratory of Development and Function of Neural Circuits, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.

Current Biology : CB
|October 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a new type of spinal neuron, V0g ascending neurons, crucial for precise limb movements in skilled locomotion. This discovery enhances understanding of motor control and spinal cord circuit function.

Keywords:
CSF-cNsV0 neuronslocomotionmotor circuitsproprioceptionsensorimotor integrationsensory neuronsspinal cord

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Spinal Cord Research

Background:

  • Spinal neural circuits integrate sensory and descending signals for coordinated body movement.
  • Understanding spinal neuron diversity is key to deciphering motor control mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a specific subtype of spinal ascending neurons within the V0 family.
  • To elucidate the role of these V0 neurons in sensorimotor circuits and locomotion.

Main Methods:

  • Combined anatomical, molecular, and functional analyses in mouse models.
  • Investigated the integration of V0g ascending neurons within lumbar sensorimotor circuits.

Main Results:

  • Identified and characterized V0g ascending neurons as a distinct subtype.
  • Demonstrated that V0g neurons are essential for executing precise limb movements during skilled locomotion.

Conclusions:

  • V0g ascending neurons play a critical, previously unrecognized role in skilled locomotion.
  • This research advances the understanding of V0 neuron functional organization and spinal cord sensorimotor integration.