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Motility Modulates the Partitioning of Bacteria in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Microbiology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are used for cell separation.
  • The behavior of motile microorganisms in ATPS is not well understood.
  • Dextran (DEX) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) form distinct aqueous phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the partitioning behavior of motile bacteria in a DEX-PEG ATPS.
  • To understand the interplay between bacterial motility and interfacial forces in phase separation.

Main Methods:

  • Phase separation of dextran and polyethylene glycol solutions.
  • Culturing and manipulation of motile bacteria (Bacillus subtilis).
  • Optical tweezers to measure forces at the DEX-PEG interface.

Main Results:

  • Nonmotile bacteria exclusively partition to the DEX-rich phase.
  • Motile bacteria can penetrate the DEX-PEG interface and distribute between phases.
  • The fraction of motile bacteria in the DEX-rich phase increases with DEX concentration.
  • Bacterial partitioning is governed by a balance between interfacial and propulsive forces.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial motility enables overcoming weak confinement by interfacial tension.
  • The distribution of motile bacteria in ATPS is a dynamic process influenced by active forces.
  • A theoretical model accurately describes the observed partitioning behavior.