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Reduced Intestinal GLP-1+ Cell Numbers Are Associated With an Inflammation-related Epithelial Metabolic Signature.

Elisabeth Urbauer1, Doriane Aguanno1, Katharina Kuellmer2

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Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|October 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) producing L cells are reduced in inflammatory bowel disease. This reduction impacts gut inflammation and symptoms, suggesting GLP-1 therapies could be beneficial.

Keywords:
Enteroendocrine CellsGlucagon-like Peptide 1Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseL Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Immunology
  • Cell Biology and Metabolism

Background:

  • Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) play roles in digestion and metabolism, but their function in intestinal inflammation is unclear.
  • Autoantibodies and symptoms like insulin resistance in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) suggest EEC involvement.
  • L cell-derived glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) may influence intestinal inflammatory pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of GLP-1+ cells in intestinal inflammation.
  • To explore the impact of metabolic dysfunction on L cell differentiation and function.
  • To assess GLP-1+ cell reduction as a feature of IBD in mice and humans.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified GLP-1+ cells in four mouse models of intestinal inflammation.
  • Performed transcriptional analysis of colonic epithelial cells from inflamed interleukin-10-deficient mice.
  • Analyzed a human Crohn's disease single-cell RNA sequencing dataset and used organoid models.

Main Results:

  • GLP-1+ cells were consistently reduced at sites of active disease in mouse models and Crohn's disease patients.
  • Despite reduction, L cells in inflamed mice maintained GLP-1 secretion.
  • Metabolic dysfunction and altered epithelial cell differentiation correlated with reduced GLP-1+ cells.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced GLP-1+ cells are a common feature in ileal and colonic inflammation across species.
  • This reduction likely exacerbates mucosal inflammation and IBD symptoms.
  • Targeting GLP-1 represents a potential therapeutic strategy for IBD.