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The Affective Priming Effect on the N400 and LPP Components: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis.

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  • 1Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

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|October 6, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Affective priming influences emotions and cognition. This meta-analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs) confirms that incongruent stimuli yield larger N400 and late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes, clarifying electrophysiological findings.

Keywords:
LPPN400affect primingmeta‐analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Affective Science
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Affective priming significantly impacts emotional and cognitive processing.
  • Electrophysiological evidence on affective priming effects, particularly event-related potentials (ERPs), is inconsistent.
  • Systematic reviews synthesizing ERP data in affective priming are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively synthesize electrophysiological evidence on the affective priming effect.
  • To evaluate the impact of affective priming on N400 and late positive potential (LPP) components.
  • To explore moderators influencing these ERP effects.

Main Methods:

  • A three-level random-effects meta-analytic approach was employed.
  • Data were systematically gathered from 47 studies across four major databases.
  • Meta-analysis focused on N400 (N=1118) and LPP (N=804) components.

Main Results:

  • Affectively incongruent prime-target trials elicited significantly larger N400 amplitudes (d=0.63) compared to congruent trials.
  • Similarly, incongruent trials showed larger LPP amplitudes (d=0.24) than congruent trials.
  • Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) and task demands moderated the N400 effect, while SOA moderated the LPP effect.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide robust electrophysiological support for the affective priming effect on N400 and LPP.
  • Variations in SOA and task demands contribute to inconsistencies in prior research.
  • This synthesis offers a clearer understanding of the neural underpinnings of affective priming.