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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Dual-Zone Chloride Engineering to Enable Ultra-Stable Two-Electron Zinc-Iodine Batteries.

Leiqian Zhang1, Jiaming Gong2, Hele Guo3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|October 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Dual-zone chloride engineering stabilizes zinc-iodine batteries (ZIBs) by preventing capacity decay. This strategy enhances energy storage by controlling chloride environments for durable, high-energy performance in organic and carbon-based systems.

Keywords:
I−/I+ conversiondual‐zone chlorideorganic iodine hostpolyiodide desorptionzinc‐iodine battery

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Zinc-iodine batteries (ZIBs) show promise for high-energy storage using organic iodine hosts and I-/I+ conversion.
  • However, rapid capacity decay limits their practical application, often due to electrolyte incompatibilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the capacity decay in ZIBs by developing a novel strategy to stabilize the iodine redox chemistry.
  • To enable durable, high-energy aqueous ZIBs through improved electrolyte and cathode design.

Main Methods:

  • A dual-zone chloride engineering strategy was developed, spatially separating chloride environments.
  • A hydrophobic salt (trioctylmethylammonium chloride) was used at the cathode to create a water-deficient, Cl-rich zone.
  • A glycerol-water solvent with 0.2 m ZnCl2 was employed in the electrolyte to activate I0/I+ conversion and improve voltage tolerance.

Main Results:

  • The dual-zone strategy suppressed polyiodide desorption and prevented I+ decomposition at the cathode.
  • The electrolyte design activated I0/I+ conversion and enhanced high-voltage tolerance.
  • An organic-based ZIB achieved 87.0% capacity retention over 11,000 cycles, and a carbon-based ZIB retained 87.2% capacity after 35,000 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Dual-zone chloride engineering provides a generalizable framework for stabilizing two-electron iodine redox chemistry in ZIBs.
  • This approach paves the way for developing durable, high-energy aqueous ZIBs.
  • The strategy demonstrates effectiveness in both organic and carbon-based ZIB systems.