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Associations Between Prescreening Dietary Patterns and Longitudinal Colonoscopy Outcomes in Veterans.

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Healthy dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean diet and DASH, were linked to reduced odds of advanced neoplasia in US veterans undergoing colorectal cancer screening. These findings support dietary guidance in cancer prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Dietary habits significantly influence long-term health outcomes, including cancer risk.
  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant health concern, particularly among specific demographics like US veterans.
  • Lifestyle recommendations, including diet, are increasingly integrated into CRC screening programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between adherence to specific dietary patterns and the risk of colorectal neoplasia in US veterans.
  • To provide evidence-based insights for patient-clinician discussions on lifestyle modifications within CRC screening protocols.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of asymptomatic US veterans (aged 50-75) undergoing screening colonoscopy between 1994-1997 was followed through 2009.
  • Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, calculating scores for the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Mediterranean diet (MD), and DASH diet.
  • Multinomial logistic regression models analyzed the association between dietary pattern scores and the most significant colonoscopy findings (MSCFs), including advanced neoplasia (AN).

Main Results:

  • Higher adherence to HEI, MD, and DASH dietary patterns showed similar or lower adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for advanced neoplasia compared to no neoplasia.
  • Specifically, higher MD and DASH scores were associated with reduced odds of AN.
  • Increased consumption of grains within these dietary patterns was generally linked to lower odds of advanced neoplasia.

Conclusions:

  • Healthy dietary patterns are associated with a reduced risk of colonic neoplasia in veterans participating in CRC screening.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the utility of dietary assessments for personalized CRC prevention and surveillance strategies.