Autism spectrum disorder: An Indian perspective

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social communication and restricted behaviors. While global prevalence continues to rise, low- and middle-income countries like India face unique challenges due to cultural, geographic, and resource-related disparities. Despite increased awareness and policy support such as the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (RPWD), gaps persist in early diagnosis, evidence-based interventions, and culturally appropriate care. Existing models, largely adapted from Western practices, often fail to address the socio-cultural realities of Indian families. The New Horizons Developmental Program (NHDP) proposes a paradigm shift-a caregiver-mediated, developmental, and culturally responsive model grounded in developmental principles. This developmentally informed, family- and community-centered approach offers a scalable model for transforming autism care across diverse Indian contexts. India's autism care requires a dual-focus strategy that redefines therapeutic priorities and broadens access to autism services. Traditional therapies often miss core developmental deficits, limiting outcomes. The NHDP model offers a holistic, culturally grounded framework that empowers caregivers and integrates disciplines. Scaling such models via digital platforms and grassroot training within existing public health systems can create a sustainable ecosystem where early childhood development is a national priority.