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Pulse Oximetry

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...

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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

Published on: January 7, 2019

Optical Fiber Sensor with Dynamically Responsive Cladding for Real-Time Breath Pattern Monitoring.

Pillalamarri Srikrishnarka¹, Jani Patrakka¹, Zhipei Sun²

¹Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 6, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland.

|October 6, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel optical fiber humidity sensor using a biopolymer cladding. The sensor enables rapid, real-time monitoring of breath humidity for improved respiratory health diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Biomedical Engineering
Sensor Technology

Background:

Real-time humidity monitoring is crucial for health, industry, and agriculture.
Optical fiber sensors offer potential for breath humidity analysis in clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and demonstrate a novel optical fiber-based humidity sensor.
To enable real-time monitoring of exhaled breath humidity for respiratory pattern analysis.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of an optical fiber sensor with a biopolymer cladding (n=1.52) on a PMMA core (n=1.49).
Characterization of sensor response to humidity changes, focusing on refractive index modulation and total internal reflection (TIR).
Integration into a miniaturized platform for proof-of-concept breath monitoring.

Main Results:

The sensor demonstrated real-time humidity monitoring with a sensitivity of 0.18 dB/%RH (40-70% RH) and 9.4 dB attenuation reduction at 70% RH.
The device successfully detected and differentiated nasal and oral breathing patterns with a 1.3 s time resolution.
No saturation was observed under high humidity conditions, indicating robustness.

Conclusions:

The developed optical fiber sensor shows significant potential for long-term breath humidity monitoring.
This technology can aid in early detection of abnormal breath patterns and advance next-generation healthcare.
The biopolymer cladding's dynamic response to humidity enhances TIR for improved sensor performance.