Artificial Intelligence in Personalized Medicine for Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic condition involving persistent hyperglycemia, which causes morbidity, mortality, and economic stress. This article examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI)-initiated precision medicine in optimizing type 2 diabetes mellitus management in the Indian population. An exhaustive review of AI-based platforms used for diabetic treatment was performed, highlighting the combination of multidimensional data sets involving genetic, epigenetic, phenotypic, and environmental variables. The envisioned AI platform aims to offer personalized glycemic forecasts, tailored therapeutic interventions, complication monitoring, and stage-by-stage disease progression predictions. Precision medicine enabled by AI has shown promising outcomes in improving diabetes management through the administration of patient-specific treatment regimens, early glycemic change detection, and real-time monitoring of diabetes-related complications. The use of AI applications enables patients to follow evidence-based self-management behaviors, such as diet modifications, physical activity changes, insulin management, and continuous glucose monitoring. This patient-centered strategy enhances clinical efficacy, prevents long-term complications, and lowers healthcare costs. Additional longitudinal and multicentric trials are needed to confirm outcomes among heterogeneous cohorts and to fine-tune AI algorithms for increased clinical relevance and translational use.