Association of Anticardiolipin Antibody in Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious form of cardiovascular disease (CVD) that can be fatal. On the other hand, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) and their subtypes are found in thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, or other CVDs. Anticardiolipin antibody (ACA), a subtype of aPL, is found in MI and other CVDs; however, the level of ACA in MI compared to the control group was not previously determined in a meta-analysis. In this research, we examined the odds ratio (OR) of ACA in MI patients compared to a healthy control group. After reviewing 180 articles, we selected eight studies and evaluated the OR using a forest plot. We also analyzed the asymmetry and possible outliers, heterogeneity, sensitivity, and quality. Our findings revealed an OR of 4.36 (95%CI: 1.64-11.61; P=0.003), indicating that ACA is found at a higher level in MI patients as compared to healthy controls. The studies were of high quality and exhibited moderate heterogeneity. The OR of 2.26 (95%CI: 1.74-2.94; P<0.00001) from the fixed effect model further supported the main outcome's high sensitivity. ACA can be a useful and feasible biomarker to diagnose and predict the chances of MI. Further research is required to determine an accurate cut-off value of ACA through which the possibility of MI can be predicted in patients with thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, or other related CVDs.