Typhlitis in a Non-Neutropenic Patient: A Clinical Case

Typhlitis, also known as neutropenic enterocolitis, is an inflammatory condition primarily affecting the cecum. It is most commonly associated with neutropenia, particularly in patients undergoing chemotherapy or with other forms of immunosuppression. However, rare cases have been described in non-neutropenic individuals. A 53-year-old patient presented to the emergency department with right lower quadrant abdominal pain evolving over the past 24 hours. On admission, the patient was afebrile. Laboratory findings showed no evidence of neutropenia. Abdominal imaging led to the diagnosis of typhlitis, despite the absence of typical predisposing factors. This case highlights that typhlitis can occur outside the classical context of neutropenia. Early recognition of this condition, even in immunocompetent patients, is essential to initiate appropriate management and prevent complications such as intestinal perforation, which remains the primary prognostic factor.