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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
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Correction: Dubljević et al. Genotype-Based Housing as a Potential Confounder in Studies Using Transgenic Mouse Models-Insight from the A53T Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. <i>Biomedicines</i> 2025, <i>13</i>, 1506.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Generation of High-Throughput Three-Dimensional Tumor Spheroids for Drug Screening
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Cancer 3D Models: Essential Tools for Understanding and Overcoming Drug Resistance.

Sofija Jovanović Stojanov1, Marija Grozdanić1, Mila Ljujić2

  • 1Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11108, Serbia.

Oncology Research
|October 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional (3D) tumor models offer a superior alternative to traditional 2D cultures for studying anticancer drug resistance. These advanced models better mimic the tumor microenvironment (TME), aiding in the development of more effective cancer therapies.

Keywords:
Cancer three-dimensional (3D) modelscancer drug resistancepreclinical cancer models

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Anticancer drug resistance poses a significant challenge in cancer therapy.
  • Traditional 2D cell cultures inadequately represent the in vivo tumor microenvironment (TME).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and evaluate various 3D tumor models for their application in drug resistance research.
  • To compare the strengths and limitations of different 3D cancer models.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing literature on cancer 3D models.
  • Evaluation of spheroids, organoids, scaffold-based, and bioprinted models.
  • Analysis of model applicability in studying chemoresistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • 3D models like spheroids, organoids, and bioprinted constructs better mimic the TME than 2D cultures.
  • These models facilitate the study of complex resistance mechanisms such as EMT and drug efflux.
  • Limitations include scalability, reproducibility, and technical challenges.

Conclusions:

  • 3D tumor models are crucial for advancing drug resistance research and understanding cancer biology.
  • These models hold potential for personalized medicine and optimizing therapeutic strategies.
  • Guidance is provided for selecting appropriate 3D models based on research objectives.