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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Nerve-sparing Mid-urethral Obstruction NeMO in Female Small Rodents
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Stress Urinary Incontinence Procedure Outcomes in the < 40-Year-Old Population: A Multicenter Study.

Ashley Huber1, Hoa Nguyen2, Nicole Meckes3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street FMB329, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. Ashley.huber@yale.edu.

International Urogynecology Journal
|October 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Younger women (<40) with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) experienced higher cure rates with midurethral slings compared to periurethral bulking with polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG). Sling procedures demonstrated superior short-term SUI symptom improvement.

Keywords:
Procedural interventionStress urinary incontinence (SUI)

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gynecology
  • Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) significantly impacts women's quality of life.
  • Treatment outcomes for SUI in women under 40 are not well-documented.
  • This study addresses the gap in knowledge regarding SUI treatment efficacy in younger women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the outcomes of primary SUI procedures in women younger than 40 years old.
  • To assess the efficacy and complication rates of midurethral slings versus periurethral bulking with polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG).

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted.
  • Data from 377 women (<40 years old) undergoing primary SUI procedures (slings or PAHG) between 2020-2023 were analyzed.
  • Primary outcome was self-reported cure or improvement of SUI symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Midurethral slings showed higher cure/improvement rates at 4 weeks (97.8%) compared to PAHG (88.6%).
  • At approximately 1 year, slings maintained higher cure/improvement rates (92.9%) versus PAHG (81.8%).
  • Complication rates were low for both treatment groups.

Conclusions:

  • Women under 40 treated with periurethral bulking (PAHG) for SUI had lower short-term cure/improvement rates than those treated with midurethral slings.
  • Midurethral slings appear to be more effective for achieving SUI symptom resolution in this younger demographic.
  • Further research may explore long-term efficacy differences and patient-specific factors.