Factors associated with one-year mortality after hip fracture in people older than 85 years in Northern Sweden

To explore factors associated with one-year mortality risk after hip fracture among very old adults (85 +) in Northern Sweden.

This cohort study includes data derived from Umeå 85 + /Gerontological Regional Database (GERDA), encompassing a representative sample of those aged 85, 90 and ≥ 95 years in Northern Sweden. Data were assessed during home visits and interviews conducted between 2000 and 2017. Associations of baseline characteristics with hip fracture during a follow-up period of 5 years and one-year mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Of 1,277 participants, 184 (14.4%) sustained a hip fracture during follow-up, of whom 47.8% died within 1 year of the fracture. Among those with hip fracture, 65% were women. Increased 1-year mortality risk was associated with the presence of depressive disorders (hazard ratio, HR 2.55, 95% confidence interval 95%CI, 1.32-4.93), history of stroke (HR 2.34, 95%CI 1.17-4.66) and subtrochanteric fractures (HR 4.40, 95%CI 1.73-11.21). Conversely, obesity (HR 0.26, 95%CI 0.10-0.67) was associated with reduced mortality risk.

Nearly half of all very old adults sustaining a hip fracture die within 1 year. Depressive disorders, history of stroke and subtrochanteric fractures were identified as significant predictors of increased mortality, whereas obesity appeared to mitigate mortality risk. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to manage these risk factors in hip fracture patients very old adults.