Why citation accuracy matters in psychological science: A commentary on Marcus et al. (2025) and call to the field

Cory L Cobb ¹, Lawrence Watkins ¹, Seth J Schwartz ²

⁰Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University.

The American Psychologist +

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October 6, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

A study found significant miscitation in amicus briefs from the American Psychological Association (APA). Over 25% of citations misrepresented research, impacting psychological science and its legal applications.

Area Of Science

Psychological Science
Legal Psychology
Scientific Communication

Background

Amicus curiae briefs are submitted to courts to provide scientific expertise.
The American Psychological Association (APA) provides such briefs to inform legal decisions.
Concerns exist regarding the accuracy of scientific information presented in legal contexts.

Purpose Of The Study

To examine the prevalence and nature of miscitation in APA amicus briefs.
To discuss the implications of miscitation within psychological science and its applied extensions.
To advocate for accurate citation practices to prevent negative outcomes.

Main Methods

Analysis of citations within amicus curiae briefs submitted by the APA.
Quantitative assessment of misrepresentation and omission of research findings.
Qualitative discussion of the broader implications of miscitation.

Main Results

7% of citations in the examined amicus briefs completely misrepresented prior research.
An additional 20% of citations omitted crucial qualifiers from study findings.
These findings indicate a substantial issue with accurate scientific representation in legal advocacy.

Conclusions

Misrepresentation and omission of research in amicus briefs constitute a questionable research practice.
Accurate citation is crucial for maintaining scientific integrity and preventing harm in legal applications of psychology.
Psychological scientists and the APA must take proactive steps to ensure reliable reporting of research.