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When failure on one performance validity test demonstrates invalid neuropsychological responding.

Laurence M Binder^1,2, Philip K Martin³, Ryan W Schroeder^3,4,5

¹Independent Practice, Beaverton, OR, USA.

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

|October 6, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neuropsychology typically requires two performance validity test (PVT) failures to deem responses invalid. However, failing the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), particularly with specific scores, may be sufficient evidence of invalidity on its own.

Keywords:

Performance validity failure invalid rule of two

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Area of Science:

Neuropsychology
Forensic Psychology
Psychological Assessment

Background:

A standard guideline in neuropsychology suggests that two performance validity test (PVT) failures are necessary to establish response invalidity.
This study investigates potential exceptions to this rule, considering the specific PVT used and the severity of performance deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if failure on a single PVT can be sufficient evidence of response invalidity.
To examine the relationship between failures on different PVTs, specifically the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) and the Reliable Digit Span (RDS).
To assess if specific failure thresholds on the TOMM or RDS predict additional PVT failures.

Main Methods:

261 adult participants completed neuropsychological test batteries including 4-12 PVTs, with TOMM and RDS consistently included.
Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between failures on individual PVTs.
Failure rates and the concordance of failures between TOMM, RDS, and other PVTs were analyzed.

Main Results:

16.5% failed the TOMM and 97.7% of those also failed another PVT.
14.2% failed the RDS, with 75.7% of those also failing another PVT.
A TOMM score of Trial 2 or Retention <43 indicated 100% failure on at least one other PVT, suggesting sufficient evidence of invalidity.

Conclusions:

While multiple PVTs are recommended, a TOMM failure, especially at specific score thresholds, may be adequate to determine response invalidity when multiple PVTs are unavailable.
Further research is needed to validate these findings across different PVTs and populations.