Advancing glaucoma treatment with nanotechnology: a new frontier in ophthalmology

Glaucoma is defined by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which ultimately results in permanent vision loss. Reducing Intraocular pressure (IOP) is now the primary therapeutic approach; however, it merely delays the disease's progression and does not provide recovery. However, the present approaches, like eye drops, have low adherence and short-term efficacy, and procedures are susceptible to failure because of wound fibrosis. By encapsulating antifibrotic and IOP-lowering medications in biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs), nanotechnology provides a method that ensures continuous release to protect injured eye cells. Additionally, nanotechnology makes it possible for patients to get therapy in a variety of convenient ways, such as contact lenses, ocular inserts, and eye drops. This review highlights the potential therapeutic applications of nanotechnology for managing glaucoma.