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Enhanced deep Southern Ocean stratification during the lukewarm interglacials.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoclimatology
  • Oceanography
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Interglacial periods ~800-430 thousand years ago had lower CO2 and colder Antarctic temperatures than later interglacials.
  • The Southern Ocean's role in climate regulation is significant but poorly understood due to limited proxy data.
  • Ocean circulation changes during past interglacials are not well-constrained.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconstruct Southern Ocean seawater isotope records over the past 800,000 years.
  • To investigate ocean circulation changes during past interglacial periods.
  • To understand the impact of Southern Ocean dynamics on atmospheric CO2 levels and climate.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel 2D laser ablation technique.
  • Analyzed lead (Pb) isotopes (208Pb/206Pb and 206Pb/204Pb) from a ferromanganese crust.
  • Obtained orbital-resolution records from the Antarctic margin at ~1.6 km water depth.

Main Results:

  • First orbital-resolution Southern Ocean seawater Pb isotope records spanning 800,000 years.
  • Systematically higher 208Pb/206Pb ratios observed during lukewarm interglacials compared to subsequent interglacials.
  • Similar 206Pb/204Pb ratios across interglacial periods suggest changes in deep-water mixing, not source variations.

Conclusions:

  • Lukewarm interglacials were characterized by reduced vertical deep-water mixing in the Southern Ocean.
  • Strengthened deep Southern Ocean stratification likely enhanced deep-sea carbon sequestration.
  • This process lowered atmospheric CO2, critically impacting lukewarm interglacial climates.