Fallopian tubes influences sperm selection and fertilization success

This study investigates the proteomic profile of the fallopian tube following exposure to human sperm, with a focus on its role in sperm capacitation, final sperm maturation, successful fertilization, and early embryonic development. Twenty reproductive-age women undergoing hysterectomy during the luteal phase were divided into two groups. The control group was instructed to abstain from intercourse for at least one week prior to surgery. The case group was instructed to have intercourse 24 to 48 h before surgery, ensuring intravaginal ejaculation. A 1 cm segment of the ampullary region of the fallopian tube was collected. Proteomic analysis was performed using a multiplexed tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics approach. Western blot analysis was used to validate the data. A total of 90 proteins were upregulated and 200 proteins were downregulated in the case group compared to the control group. These proteins were involved in key biological pathways, including inflammation-related pathways, angiogenesis, coagulation, metabolic processes, and positive regulation of hormone secretion (logFC > 1; p-value < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the presence of healthy sperm creates a stress-free environment within the fallopian tube, activating signaling pathways that support the selection of high-quality sperm and prepare the tube for successful fertilization.