Disability and Depression Among People with Cardiovascular Diseases: Does Race or Type of Disease Matter?
Rockson Ansong1,2, Grace Kyei3, Evans Kyei3,4
1Department of Nursing, Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, USA. rockson_ansong@yahoo.com.
Insights
Disability and depression in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients are complex. The link varies by disability type and specific CVD, impacting depression risk differently for individuals with hypertension, stroke, or multiple conditions.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular disease research
- Mental health studies
- Disability research
Background:
- Disability and depression are linked in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients.
- The influence of race/ethnicity and specific CVD types on this relationship is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between three disability types and depression in individuals with CVD.
- To determine if race/ethnicity or specific CVD types modify these associations.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the 2013-2018 NHANES dataset including 5908 adults with self-reported CVD.
- Measurement of depression, activities of daily living (ADL) disabilities, and sensory impairments (vision, hearing).
- Application of chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression with interaction terms for race/ethnicity and CVD type.
Main Results:
- 32.5% reported disability, 11.3% experienced depression; depression was more common with ADL, vision, or hearing disabilities.
- Depression risk varied significantly by CVD type and presence of ADL disability; stroke survivors without ADL disability had higher risk, while those with hypertension and ADL disability also showed increased risk.
- Race/ethnicity was not a significant predictor in adjusted models, though demographic factors like female sex and single status were associated with higher depression odds.
Conclusions:
- The relationship between disability and depression in CVD patients is intricate and influenced by the type of disability and specific cardiovascular condition.
- Healthcare providers should tailor depression screening and interventions based on individual disability types and CVD diagnoses.
Background:
Disability and depression are related in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but how race/ethnicity or specific CVD types affect this relationship remains unclear.
Objective:
To assess the association between three types of disabilities and depression in people with CVD and examine whether race/ethnicity or specific CVD types influence these relationships.
Method:
Using the 2013-2018 NHANES dataset, we analyzed 5908 adults with self-reported CVDs. We measured depression using the first eight items of the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale, ADL disabilities with the Physical Functioning Questionnaire, and seeing and hearing disabilities, using the Disability Questionnaire. We conducted chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses, including interaction terms for race/ethnicity and CVD type.
Results:
32.5% of our population reported some form of disability, and 11.3% experienced depression. Depression was more common among individuals with ADL, vision, or hearing disabilities. Among those without ADL disabilities, stroke survivors had the highest depression risk, followed by individuals with multiple CVDs. Those with only hypertension and no ADL disability had the lowest risk. However, among individuals with ADL disabilities, those with hypertension had a higher risk of depression than stroke survivors or those with multiple CVDs. Notably, among people with severe visual impairment, those with multiple CVDs were less likely to be depressed than those with only hypertension. In this study, females and single individuals had higher odds of depression, while those who were Black, had higher incomes, had at least a high school education, or were aged 55 and older were less likely. Race/ethnicity was not a significant predictor in adjusted models.
Conclusion:
The relationship between disability and depression in people with CVD is complex and varies by CVD type. Healthcare providers should consider disability type and specific CVD conditions when screening for depression and planning interventions.
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