Risk factors for Hirschsprung's disease in infancy: A study from the NHANES database

Hirschsprung's disease is one of common intestinal diseases in infancy, usually accompanied by symptoms such as constipation, abdominal distension, and intestinal dysfunction. The occurrence of Hirschsprung's disease is related to a variety of factors, including congenital diseases, intestinal nerve development abnormalities, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, and environmental factors. Infancy is a critical stage for intestinal development, and the intestinal function is not fully stable. Exploring the risk factors for Hirschsprung's disease will provide theoretical support for early diagnosis and intervention. This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States to analyze risk factors for Hirschsprung's disease in infants aged 1 to 2 years. Potential variables considered included race, birth weight, breastfeeding status, dietary habits, and immune function. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the association between these variables and the risk of congenital Hirschsprung colon and to adjust for potential confounders. The study found that race, cholesterol levels, and sodium intake were significantly associated with the risk of Hirschsprung's disease in infants. Non-Hispanic Black infants exhibited a higher risk (P = .042). Cholesterol levels were negatively correlated with the disease risk (P = .028), while increased sodium intake showed a potential protective effect (P = .003). Additionally, although factors such as vitamin E and body mass index were not statistically significant, they may still have potential implications for intestinal development. Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, this study identifies race, cholesterol levels, and sodium intake as significant risk factors for Hirschsprung's disease in infancy. Non-Hispanic Black infants are at a higher risk, while increased sodium intake may offer a protective effect.