Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Developing Precise and Clinically Relevant Models for Studying Secondary Degeneration in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
Published on: November 29, 2024
Retraumatization Associated with Quantitative Epidemiological Research Methods in Conflict Settings: Issues and
Ola Bazzi1, Alex Munyambabazi2, Emily E Anderson3
1Faculty of Health Sciences, https://ror.org/04pznsd21American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
None:
Existing approaches to quantitative epidemiologic methods commonly used in conflict and other emergency settings risk retraumatizing research participants. However, little guidance exists regarding how to mitigate these risks. Here we draw on literatures addressing ethical considerations in 2 similar activities-the use of qualitative research methodologies in research with survivors of violence and trauma, as well as witness protection strategies during tribunal proceedings. We recommend preliminary standards and best practices for participant protection from retraumatization associated with quantitative epidemiological methods adapted from existing practices for qualitative research and in tribunal contexts that should be refined in partnership with the affected communities.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Confounding in Epidemiological Studies
Surveys
Bias in Epidemiological Studies

