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Occupational Therapy Practitioners' Experiences and Perceptions of Sexual Misconduct and Inappropriate Client Sexual

Brenda Howard1, Erin Clarke1, Kaitlyn Ditmars1

  • 1University of Indianapolis, IN, USA.

OTJR : Occupation, Participation and Health
|October 7, 2025
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Most occupational therapy professionals experienced inappropriate client sexual behavior (ICSB). This study highlights the urgent need for professional guidelines and prevention strategies to address sexual misconduct in occupational therapy practice and education.

Keywords:
client-centered practicedescriptive studyoccupational therapysurvey design

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Therapy
  • Professional Ethics
  • Healthcare Practice

Background:

  • Limited research exists on sexual misconduct and inappropriate client sexual behavior (ICSB) within occupational therapy.
  • Understanding the prevalence and impact of these issues is crucial for practitioner safety and client care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of sexual misconduct and ICSB among U.S. occupational therapy practitioners and students.
  • To examine practitioners' perceptions and experiences regarding sexual misconduct and ICSB.

Main Methods:

  • A nonexperimental, concurrent mixed methods study was conducted in July 2023.
  • A modified questionnaire, adapted from Roush et al., was administered to 356 occupational therapy practitioners and students with Level II Fieldwork experience.

Main Results:

  • A significant majority of respondents (63.4%) reported experiencing ICSB.
  • Over a quarter of respondents (26.6%) were aware of sexual misconduct in the workplace.
  • Practitioners perceived these behaviors as wrong or concerning, noting a continuum from innuendo to assault.

Conclusions:

  • Inappropriate client sexual behavior and sexual misconduct are prevalent issues in occupational therapy.
  • There is a critical need for developing and implementing professional guidelines and preventive strategies in occupational therapy education and practice.