Microfluidic-based nanocarriers for overcoming biological barriers in therapeutic delivery systems

Microfluidic technologies have revolutionized the synthesis of nanocarriers for drug and gene delivery, providing unparalleled precision and efficiency in the production of therapeutic nanoparticles. This review highlights recent advancements in microfluidic systems, emphasizing their role in addressing critical challenges such as poor targeting, low bioavailability, and systemic toxicity associated with conventional delivery systems. By enabling the controlled production of nanocarriers with customizable size, composition, and release profiles, microfluidic platforms have represented a powerful tool in improving therapeutic efficacy and targeting capabilities. Key innovations discussed include the use of droplet microfluidics, flow-focusing techniques, and the incorporation of stimuli-responsive materials. Additionally, the integration of AI and machine learning has further enhanced the optimization and scalability of microfluidic synthesis processes. Nanocarriers represent a transformative approach to overcoming biological barriers in gene/drug delivery, enabling enhanced targeting, intracellular transport, and therapeutic efficacy, particularly for challenging conditions like central nervous system disorders and cancer. Despite ongoing challenges, such as scalability and cost-effectiveness, the future of microfluidic nanocarrier synthesis appears promising, with potential applications extending beyond drug and gene delivery to imaging, diagnostics, and personalized medicine. This comprehensive review underscores the transformative role of microfluidic-based nanocarriers in advancing nanomedicine and highlights the need for continued research and development in this rapidly evolving field.