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Anemia in Pregnancy: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes
Lateefa O Aldakhil1, Saleh Alobaid1, Adnan T Almogbel2
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus
|October 7, 2025
Summary
Anemia in pregnancy is common in Saudi Arabia, increasing with gestational age and linked to postpartum hemorrhage. Improving iron supplementation adherence is crucial for maternal health.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Hematology
- Public Health
Background:
- Anemia in pregnancy presents variable prevalence in Saudi Arabia, influenced by demographics and nutrition.
- Early antenatal care booking is crucial for accurate anemia assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- Determine anemia prevalence at first antenatal visit and across trimesters.
- Identify risk factors, including iron/multivitamin compliance.
- Evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with anemia.
Main Methods:
- Prospective cohort study at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh (Jan 2020-Dec 2022).
- Recruited pregnant women at first antenatal visit, followed throughout pregnancy.
- Measured hemoglobin (Hb) per trimester; defined anemia per WHO criteria; assessed outcomes like PPH, LBW, NICU admission.
Main Results:
- Anemia prevalence increased with gestational age (11.8% first visit, 28.8% third trimester).
- Anemia significantly associated with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).
- Postpartum iron supplementation continuation was lower in anemic women.
Conclusions:
- Anemia is prevalent in pregnant Saudi women, associated with maternal complications.
- Suboptimal adherence to supplementation requires intervention.
- Early screening, compliance strategies, and nutritional counseling are vital.
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