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A Thermosensitive Gel Containing Biodegradable Nanoparticles Carrying Calcium Hydroxide as Antibacterial Intracanal
Xavier Roig-Soriano1, Luis María Delgado2,3,4, Firas Elmsmari5,6
1Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
International Endodontic Journal
|October 7, 2025
Summary
A novel calcium hydroxide nanoparticle gel formulation shows strong mucoadhesion and effective antibacterial properties for endodontic disinfection. This nanotechnological approach successfully reduces bacterial biofilms, offering a promising alternative to commercial treatments.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Endodontics
Background:
- Endodontic disinfection requires effective antimicrobial agents with good mucoadhesive properties.
- Current formulations may have limitations in stability and delivery.
- Nanotechnology offers potential for enhanced drug delivery and efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize and evaluate the mucoadhesive strength and antibacterial properties of a novel nanotechnological formulation for endodontic disinfection.
- The formulation, calcium hydroxide nanoparticles dispersed in a thermosensitive gel (Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel), aims to improve endodontic treatment outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for morphology assessment.
- Gamma irradiation for sterilization and stability testing (particle size, PDI, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency).
- Ex vivo mucoadhesion testing using human teeth.
- Antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis evaluated via microscopy and resazurin assay.
Main Results:
- Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel exhibited a round shape, smooth surface, and no aggregation.
- Sterilization did not alter physicochemical properties; high mucoadhesion was observed.
- Optimal storage temperature was 4°C.
- The formulation demonstrated significant antibacterial properties, effectively reducing bacterial biofilms.
Conclusions:
- Developed and optimized calcium hydroxide-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in a thermosensitive gel (Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel).
- The formulation possesses excellent antibacterial properties and mucoadhesion.
- Achieved bacterial disinfection levels comparable to commercial formulations, indicating its therapeutic potential.
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