The Role of Angiogenic Factors in Fetal Growth Restriction

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine
• Perinatology

Background:

• Fetal growth restriction (FGR) affects up to 10% of pregnancies, leading to significant adverse outcomes.
• Current diagnostic methods for FGR often rely on ultrasound, with a need for improved predictive tools.
• Placental function biomarkers are emerging as valuable adjuncts in managing high-risk pregnancies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the role of placental biomarkers, such as placental growth factor (PlGF) and the sFLT-1/PlGF ratio, in conjunction with ultrasound.
• To assess the impact of this combined approach on the detection and management of at-risk fetuses.
• To explore the potential of biomarkers in preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Review of current evidence on the use of placental biomarkers (PlGF, sFLT-1/PlGF ratio) in clinical practice.
• Analysis of the combined utility of biomarkers and ultrasound for fetal assessment.
• Synthesis of data regarding prediction of adverse outcomes and optimization of delivery.

Main Results:

• The combined use of placental biomarkers and ultrasound improves the prediction of fetal risk.
• This integrated approach is associated with better prevention of stillbirth and optimized delivery timing.
• Placental biomarkers show promise in the prenatal management of high-risk pregnancies.

Conclusions:

• Placental biomarkers, particularly PlGF and the sFLT-1/PlGF ratio, are increasingly important in managing high-risk pregnancies.
• Further research is needed to establish intervention thresholds and explore therapeutic targets for angiogenic markers.
• Despite limitations, placental biomarkers are a valuable tool for improving prenatal care and reducing fetal morbidity and mortality.