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Anisotropic voxels in diffusion MRI (dMRI) affect white matter microstructure and tractography. Resampling to 1 mm isotropic resolution improves the repeatability of white matter bundle measures, but does not fully recover microstructural properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Diffusion MRI
  • White Matter Tractography

Background:

  • Diffusion weighted MRI (dMRI) models neural structure and white matter variations.
  • Anisotropic voxels in dMRI tractography introduce biases not fully characterized.
  • Previous work showed connectome graph measures vary with spatial sampling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Characterize biases from anisotropic voxels in dMRI.
  • Investigate effects on microstructural measures (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity) and white matter bundle properties (volume, length, surface area).
  • Understand the impact of spatial resolution on dMRI data quality.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed statistical significance of dMRI measures using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test.
  • Compared three white matter bundles across resolutions in 44 subjects (Human Connectome Project - Young Adult).
  • Explored resolutions from 1.25 mm isotropic to 6 anisotropic resolutions, then upsampled to 1.25 mm and 1 mm isotropic.

Main Results:

  • Statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) in microstructural and bundle measures were found at all resolutions.
  • Cohen's d coefficient quantified the effect size of anisotropic voxels.
  • Anisotropic voxels significantly impacted microstructure and tractography outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Basic up-sampling cannot fully recover fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity from low-quality data.
  • White matter bundle measures showed improved repeatability after resampling to 1 mm isotropic resolution.
  • Spatial resolution critically influences dMRI-derived measures and their reliability.