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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in the Filamentous Ascomycete Huntiella omanensis
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CRISPR-Cas-Directed Genome Editing in Maize.

Bing Yang1,2, Kan Wang3,4

  • 1Division of Plant Science and Technology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA yangbi@missouri.edu kanwang@iastate.edu.

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|October 7, 2025
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Summary

This review details CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in maize, offering a practical framework for researchers. Optimizing key components enhances editing efficiency for improved maize varieties and functional genomics.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Agricultural Biotechnology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Genetic engineering is crucial for plant science and agriculture.
  • CRISPR-Cas genome editing offers precision and versatility.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 is widely adopted for plant genome manipulation, including maize.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the biological significance of CRISPR-Cas9 in maize.
  • To discuss technical considerations for implementing CRISPR-Cas9 in maize.
  • To provide a practical framework for maize genome editing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of CRISPR-Cas9 implementation in maize.
  • Discussion of promoter selection for Cas and guide RNA expression.
  • Analysis of codon optimization, guide RNA design, and multiplexing strategies.
  • Consideration of vector construction and genotyping techniques.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 offers high editing efficiency, multiplexing, and scalability in maize.
  • Successful editing requires optimized promoters, codon-optimized Cas genes, effective guide RNA design, and multiplexing systems.
  • Appropriate vector construction and reliable genotyping are essential for validation.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing CRISPR-Cas9 parameters enhances genome editing efficiency and accuracy in maize.
  • This framework accelerates functional genomic discovery in maize.
  • The technology aids in developing improved maize varieties for future agricultural demands.