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Fractures: Bone Repair

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

Published on: March 29, 2018

NIR-II Responsive Multifunctional Scaffold Enabling "Kill-Modulation-Build" Synergistic Therapy for Infectious Bone

Qifei Yang¹, Shu Lou¹, Yuan Zhang¹

¹The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases. Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|October 7, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a novel scaffold for infected bone defects, using near-infrared-II light to kill bacteria and regulate the immune system for enhanced bone regeneration without antibiotics.

Keywords:

dynamic immunomodulation infectious bone regeneration nanofibrous scaffold photothermal antibacterial

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Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

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Published on: October 23, 2015

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Nanotechnology

Background:

Infectious bone defects pose significant challenges due to bacterial biofilms, antibiotic resistance, and chronic inflammation.
Current treatments often struggle to simultaneously address infection and promote tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a near-infrared-II (NIR-II) responsive fibrous scaffold for a sequential "Kill-Modulation-Build" therapeutic strategy.
To achieve non-antibiotic bacterial clearance, immune regulation, and bone repair.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a fibrous scaffold incorporating aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles (AIE NPs) and black phosphorus nanosheets (BP NSs).
Utilizing NIR-II irradiation for localized hyperthermia to eradicate bacteria and biofilms.
Employing BP NSs for reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and macrophage reprogramming.

Main Results:

NIR-II irradiation effectively eliminated bacteria and biofilms via photothermal therapy, reducing antibiotic resistance risk.
BP NSs modulated the immune response by shifting macrophages to a pro-regenerative M2 phenotype.
The scaffold promoted endothelial migration, neovascularization, and osteogenic differentiation, facilitating bone repair.

Conclusions:

The developed scaffold offers a promising, non-antibiotic approach for treating complex infected bone defects.
Combining photothermal therapy with immune and regenerative modulation provides a synergistic strategy for bone regeneration.