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Related Concept Videos

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Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation
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Milk temperature reducing necrotizing enterocolitis in very preterm infants: study protocol for a randomized

Xuexiu Liu1, Yuan Shi1, Fang Li2

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing, 400014, P.R. China.

BMC Pediatrics
|October 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Thermostatic feeding may significantly reduce necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants. This approach ensures consistent milk temperature, potentially improving feeding tolerance and infant outcomes.

Keywords:
Milk temperatureNecrotizing enterocolitisProtocolRandomized controlled trialThermal stressThermostatic feedingVery preterm infants

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants.
  • The exact causes of NEC are unknown, but infection, inflammation, and feeding issues are implicated.
  • Low feeding temperatures are suspected to increase NEC risk, but this link needs further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of thermostatic feeding versus standard feeding on stage 2 or higher NEC incidence in very preterm infants.
  • To explore the relationship between feeding temperature and NEC development.
  • To potentially inform neonatal feeding guidelines and improve infant care.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving preterm infants (<32 weeks gestational age).
  • Infants were assigned to either thermostatic feeding (milk temperature controlled) or standard feeding (milk at room temperature).
  • Primary outcome: incidence of ≥ stage 2 NEC; Secondary outcomes: BPD, ROP, IVH, feeding tolerance, growth, and sepsis.

Main Results:

  • The study anticipates a significant decrease in NEC incidence with thermostatic feeding compared to standard feeding.
  • Expected improvements include better feeding tolerance and faster achievement of full gastrointestinal nutrition.
  • Enhanced weekly weight growth is also anticipated in the thermostatic feeding group.

Conclusions:

  • Thermostatic feeding may be a crucial intervention to reduce NEC in very preterm infants.
  • This research could lead to updated clinical guidelines for neonatal feeding practices.
  • Optimizing feeding temperature has the potential to lower NEC-related morbidity and mortality.