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Molecular epidemiology of viral enteric in children in Hangzhou

Bao-Hai Chen1, Qin-Rui Lai2, Ying-Ying Chen2

  • 1Information Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310052, China.

BMC Infectious Diseases
|October 7, 2025
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 NPIs impacted pediatric enteric virus circulation. Norovirus GII dominated, with genotype shifts observed for Astrovirus and Rotavirus, necessitating targeted surveillance.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Viral diarrhea poses a significant global health challenge for children.
  • Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced infectious disease transmission dynamics.
  • The impact of these NPIs on pediatric enteric virus epidemiology was not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular epidemiology of eight key enteric viruses in children with acute diarrhea.
  • To analyze prevalence, genotype distribution, and genetic characteristics before and after the emergence of COVID-19.
  • To provide insights into viral circulation changes during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • A hospital-based cross-sectional study analyzed 1,510 stool samples from children.
  • Eight enteric viruses (RVA, RVB, RVC, NV GI/GII, ADV, ASV, SAV) were detected using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR).
  • Positive samples underwent gene sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and amino acid mutation screening.

Main Results:

  • Enteric viruses were identified in 33.38% of samples.
  • Norovirus GII was the most prevalent (48.02%), with GII.4 as the dominant genotype.
  • Significant genotype shifts were observed for Astrovirus (HAstV-1 replacing HAstV-5) and Rotavirus (G9 persistence), while Adenovirus 41 and Sapovirus GI.1 remained prevalent.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first molecular epidemiology data for eight enteric viruses in Hangzhou during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Observed genotype shifts indicate dynamic changes in viral circulation.
  • The findings underscore the importance of continuous and targeted surveillance of pediatric enteric viruses.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenMolecular epidemiologyViral diarrhea

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