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Supercontinuum Generation in Soft Glass Photonic Crystal Fibers Developed Based on 3D Printed Preforms.

Pawel Wienclaw1,2, Przemyslaw Golebiewski1,3, Grzegorz Stepniewski3

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3D glass printing shows promise for creating photonic crystal fiber preforms for supercontinuum generation. Early-stage technology enables nonlinear fiber development with broad spectral widths, despite some structural defects and higher losses.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics
  • Photonics

Background:

  • 3D glass printing is an emerging technology with potential applications in optical fiber fabrication.
  • Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are crucial for nonlinear optical applications like supercontinuum generation.
  • Developing novel PCFs often requires complex and time-consuming fabrication methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the readiness of 3D glass printing for fabricating preforms of air-glass photonic crystal fibers.
  • To assess the nonlinear optical properties of 3D printed fibers for supercontinuum generation.

Main Methods:

  • A custom-made 3D printer was used to print an air-glass photonic crystal fiber preform using in-house synthesized lead borate glass.
  • The printed fiber was characterized for its single-mode properties and anomalous dispersion characteristics.
  • Supercontinuum generation was achieved by pumping a section of the printed fiber with femtosecond laser pulses.

Main Results:

  • The 3D printed fiber was single-moded at 1.5 µm and exhibited flat anomalous dispersion above 1.5 µm, with a zero-dispersion wavelength at 1.7 µm.
  • An octave-spanning supercontinuum from 1.1 to 2.2 µm was generated by pumping the fiber.
  • Despite internal structural defects, the spectral width of the generated supercontinuum was comparable to state-of-the-art manually assembled PCFs.

Conclusions:

  • Early-stage 3D glass printing technology is capable of producing preforms for nonlinear fibers.
  • The 3D printed fibers show potential for supercontinuum generation applications.
  • Further improvements in printing resolution and material synthesis are needed to reduce losses and enhance performance.