Perinatal transmission and cure of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in an infant

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V Singh1,2, R Perumal3,4,5, M Wessels6

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Luthuli Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, South Africa.

African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine
|October 8, 2025
PubMed

Insights

A rare case of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in an infant was successfully treated with an all-oral regimen including delamanid. This case highlights the need for better XDR-TB guidance in children and prevention of mother-to-child TB transmission.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Mycobacterial infections
  • Drug-resistant pathogens

Background:

  • Perinatally acquired tuberculosis presents unique challenges.
  • Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) requires novel treatment approaches.
  • Limited data exist on XDR-TB treatment in neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of perinatally acquired XDR-TB in an infant.
  • To describe the successful individualized treatment regimen.
  • To discuss implications for clinical management and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of an infant with XDR-TB.
  • Treatment with a specialized all-oral multidrug regimen.
  • Inclusion of delamanid in the therapeutic strategy.

Main Results:

  • Successful treatment outcome achieved in the infant.
  • Demonstrated efficacy of an all-oral regimen including delamanid.
  • No adverse events reported during treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Individualized treatment regimens can be effective for infant XDR-TB.
  • Delamanid shows promise in treating perinatal XDR-TB.
  • Further research is needed on pediatric XDR-TB and prevention of mother-to-child transmission.

Keywords:
Drug-resistant tuberculosisperinatal tuberculosis

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