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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Technical Approach for Infrared Tracking for Soft Tissue Navigation with a Holographic Head-Mounted Display and Preclinical Validation

Technical Approach for Infrared Tracking for Soft Tissue Navigation with a Holographic Head-Mounted Display and Preclinical Validation

Published on: September 2, 2025

Comprehensive mixed reality surgical navigation system for liver surgery.

Bowen Xiang^1,2, Jon S Heiselman^1,2, Michael I Miga^1,2,3,4,5

¹Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.

Journal of Medical Imaging (Bellingham, Wash.)

|October 8, 2025

Summary

This study presents a mixed reality (MR) navigation system for liver surgery that enhances precision by stabilizing holograms and correcting soft-tissue deformation. The system achieves sub-4 mm guidance accuracy, improving surgical workflow and spatial fidelity.

Keywords:

augmented reality deformation correction image-guided surgery liver surgery mixed reality surgical navigation tracking

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Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

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Area of Science:

Surgical Navigation
Mixed Reality (MR)
Medical Imaging

Background:

Intraoperative liver deformation and reliance on remote monitors hinder precision in image-guided liver surgery.
Existing mixed reality (MR) prototypes lack comprehensive solutions and quantitative validation for deformable anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a self-contained MR navigation system for liver surgery that addresses challenges of intraoperative liver deformation and workflow disruption.
To quantitatively validate the system's ability to stabilize holographic content, track instruments, and compensate for soft-tissue deformation.

Main Methods:

Developed a mixed reality (MR) navigation system utilizing a MR headset with a retro-reflective reference tool for hologram stabilization.
Implemented real-time instrument and surface point tracking via the headset's depth camera.
Employed a weighted ICP + linearized iterative boundary reconstruction pipeline to compensate for soft-tissue deformation, streamed via a server-client architecture with voice control.

Main Results:

The reference tool reduced mean hologram drift from 4.0 ± 1.2 mm to 1.1 ± 0.3 mm.
Tracking accuracy improved from 3.6 ± 1.3 mm to 2.3 ± 0.8 mm.
Nonrigid registration reduced surface target registration error by an average of 57% (from 7.4 ± 4.8 mm to 3.0 ± 2.7 mm), achieving sub-4 mm guidance accuracy.

Conclusions:

The unified MR platform enhances surgical precision by stabilizing visualization, tracking instruments, and correcting for liver motion and deformation.
The device-agnostic framework is adaptable to various surgical approaches, including open and laparoscopic procedures.
This represents a significant advancement toward MR-enabled surgical navigation systems.