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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
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Colloidal hydrodynamic interactions in viscoelastic fluids.

Dae Yeon Kim1, Sachit G Nagella1, Saksham Malik1

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|October 8, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydrodynamic interactions (HIs) in viscoelastic fluids are time-dependent, unlike in Newtonian fluids. Wormlike micelle solutions exhibit flow reversals and attractions due to structural memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Colloid Science

Background:

  • Colloidal particle motion creates disturbances, leading to interparticle interactions.
  • Hydrodynamic interactions (HIs) are well-understood in Newtonian fluids but poorly understood in viscoelastic fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a framework for quantifying HIs in viscoelastic fluids with high spatiotemporal precision.
  • To investigate the time-dependent nature of HIs in wormlike micelle (WLM) solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Colloidal particle trapping and controlled translation-rotation.
  • Direct measurement of time-dependent HIs during transient start-up and cessation.
  • Analytical microhydrodynamic theory, continuum model simulations, and Stokesian dynamics simulations.

Main Results:

  • HIs in WLMs are time-dependent, influenced by the fluid's structural memory.
  • Observed flow reversals lasting significantly longer than the WLM relaxation time after particle motion cessation.
  • Structural recovery generates anisotropic stresses, leading to flow reversals and hydrodynamic attraction.

Conclusions:

  • Viscoelastic HIs differ fundamentally from Newtonian HIs due to time-dependent structural recovery.
  • Standard continuum models may fail when colloid size approaches polymer length scales.