Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular01:33

Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular

2.1K
Radical reactions can occur either intermolecularly or intramolecularly. In an intermolecular radical reaction, a nucleophilic radical adds to an electrophilic alkene or vice versa. In such reactions, the radical and generally the alkene, which is also called the radical trap, are two different molecules. Additionally, for such intermolecular reactions to occur, the radical trap must be active, present in an excess concentration, and the radical starting material must have a weak...
2.1K
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.6K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.6K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.1K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
3.1K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

9.4K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
9.4K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.4K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
3.4K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.8K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clarifying Stereochemical Outcomes in Radical-Initiated Vinyl Cyclopropane Cycloadditions within the Beckwith-Houk Framework.

Organic chemistry frontiers : an international journal of organic chemistry·2026
Same author

Photocatalytic Controlled Halodefluorination of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds Using <i>N</i>-Arylphenothiazines.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

RNAi-based functional genomics tools for the beet leafhopper using microinjection and nanoparticle-based topical spray.

Insect science·2026
Same author

Direct Evidence for the Sulfonium-Mediated Photopolymerization of 1,2-Dithiolanes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Towards Sustainable Synthesis of Peptide Therapeutics via Tag-Assisted Peptide Synthesis and Aryl Selenoester Aminolysis Ligation.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Protecting Groups as Dispersive Directing Groups: Toward the Asymmetric Synthesis of Altemicidin.

Organic letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

12.4K

Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (O-ATRP) Using a Super-Reducing Photoredox Catalyst.

Yucheng Zhao1, Brandon S Portela1, Alexander R Green1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|October 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) system using super-reducing photoredox catalysts (PCs). This breakthrough expands O-ATRP capabilities to challenging monomers and initiators, enabling controlled polymer synthesis.

Keywords:
O‐ATRPPhotocatalystPhotoredoxSuPRCatSuper‐reducing

More Related Videos

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.6K
[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
09:12

[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

12.4K
Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.6K
[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
09:12

[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Photocatalysis

Background:

  • Photoredox catalysts (PCs) enable new synthetic routes by activating strong chemical bonds.
  • Organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) synthesizes well-defined polymers via reversible-deactivation.
  • Current O-ATRP is limited to initiators and dormant states reducible by PCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To expand the scope of O-ATRP using super-reducing PCs.
  • To enable polymerization of challenging monomers and initiators.
  • To achieve controlled polymerization with air tolerance and temporal regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an O-ATRP system employing super-reducing photoredox catalysts.
  • Application of the system to monomers like styrene and vinylcarbazole.
  • Utilizing aromatic halides and pseudo-halides as initiators.

Main Results:

  • Successfully expanded O-ATRP capabilities to previously challenging monomers and initiators.
  • Demonstrated control over polymerization, air tolerance, and temporal regulation.
  • Enabled synthesis of polymer brushes via organocatalyzed grafting-from reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Super-reducing PCs significantly broaden the applicability of O-ATRP.
  • This strategy advances reversible-deactivation radical polymerization.
  • The developed system offers a versatile platform for polymer synthesis.