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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Marine Biology
  • Biodiversity Science

Background:

  • Sequential biodiversity loss non-linearly impacts ecosystem properties.
  • Existing models often exclude species co-extinctions, a critical factor in community dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To parameterize trait-based extinction models incorporating species dependencies.
  • To investigate the impact of co-extinctions on ecosystem functioning, specifically sediment bioturbation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from marine benthic invertebrate communities.
  • Developed trait-based extinction models with adjusted extirpation and compensation probabilities.
  • Simulated species losses across a climate-driven environmental change gradient.

Main Results:

  • Static co-extinctions caused more significant declines in sediment bioturbation than single-species losses.
  • Compensatory mechanisms and new interactions moderated co-extinction effects but increased response variability.
  • Community response varied based on the functional roles of interacting species.

Conclusions:

  • Co-extinctions significantly impact ecosystem properties, particularly sediment bioturbation.
  • Local and regional community dynamics, including species interactions, are vital for predicting ecosystem consequences.
  • Highly connected marine systems are prone to extinction cascades, necessitating comprehensive modeling approaches.