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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

High Pressure and Compositionally Directed Route to a Hexagonal GeSn Alloy Class.

George Serghiou¹, Hans Josef Reichmann², Gang Ji³

¹University of Edinburgh, School of Engineering, Sanderson Building, Kings Buildings, Robert Stevenson Road EH9 3FB Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|October 8, 2025

Summary

Researchers created novel hexagonal Germanium-Tin (Ge-Sn) alloys with enhanced optoelectronic properties. These new materials, synthesized under high pressure, offer tunable characteristics for advanced electronic applications.

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$Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures$

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

Published on: October 7, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

$Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures$

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

Published on: October 7, 2013

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid-State Physics
Optoelectronics

Background:

Cubic silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) are optoelectronically limited.
Hexagonal Ge modifications show promise for superior optoelectronic characteristics.
Forming hexagonal Ge-Sn alloys was previously considered unachievable due to Sn's properties and Ge-Sn's low reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the possibility of forming hexagonal Ge-Sn solid solutions.
To explore the synthesis of Ge-Sn alloys with tunable optoelectronic properties.
To overcome the challenges of Ge-Sn reactivity and Sn's crystallographic limitations.

Main Methods:

High-pressure synthesis using large-volume presses (9-10 GPa, up to 1500 K).
Characterization via Synchrotron angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction.
Analysis using precession electron diffraction and electron microscopy.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis and ambient pressure recovery of hexagonal 2H, 4H, and 6H Ge-Sn solid solutions.
Hexagonal symmetry observed below 21 atom % Sn; cubic diamond symmetry at or above this threshold.
Demonstrated correlation between Sn content and resulting crystal symmetry.

Conclusions:

High pressure enables Ge-Sn reactivity and formation of novel hexagonal solid solutions.
Composition dictates crystal symmetry, offering a route to tune optoelectronic properties.
This work opens avenues for advanced optoelectronic materials based on Ge-Sn alloys.