Living with osteoporosis: a qualitative descriptive study

Osteoporosis affects patients emotionally, yet this aspect is often overlooked. This study found that fear, identity changes, and communication issues shape daily life and self-care. Trust in healthcare providers fosters positive engagement. Addressing emotional experiences can enhance patient-centred osteoporosis care and support treatment adherence.

To explore the emotional experiences of individuals living with osteoporosis, with the aim of improving understanding of how these emotions influence self-care behaviours and treatment adherence.

In this qualitative descriptive study, we conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 participants diagnosed with osteoporosis, recruited through convenience sampling from an outpatient osteoporosis clinic in central Italy. We coded the interviews deductively and analyzed data using Mayring's qualitative content analysis framework. We used a priori thematic saturation as the criterion for stopping sampling. We reported data in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) checklist.

Participants (1 male, 19 females; age range 55-78 years) expressed a wide emotional spectrum associated with living with osteoporosis. Four overarching themes were identified: (1) emotional and psychological impact of the disease, (2) relationship with one's identity and body, (3) interaction with healthcare professionals, and (4) managing the disease in daily life. Negative emotions, including fear, anxiety, and frustration, were frequently linked to uncertainty about treatment, insufficient communication with healthcare providers, and concerns about the disease progression. Conversely, positive emotions such as trust, hope, and satisfaction emerged when participants felt supported and engaged in their care. These emotions were associated with a stronger motivation for self-management and treatment adherence.

Living with osteoporosis involves a complex interplay of emotional responses that significantly affect patient engagement and disease management. Promoting effective communication and fostering trust between patients and healthcare providers are essential to supporting emotional well-being and enhancing adherence to osteoporosis care plans.