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Face-like cues direct attention more narrowly than arrows
Polina Rafailova1, Aida Malikova1, Justyne Ingwu1
1Psychology Program, Bard College, 30 Campus Rd, Annandale-On-Hudson, NY, 12504, USA.
Cognitive Processing
|October 8, 2025
Summary
Human and robot eye-gaze guide attention to specific locations. Arrows also guide attention, but this effect extends to the entire object, impacting human-robot interaction design.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Human-Robot Interaction
- Visual Attention
Background:
- Previous studies indicate eye-gaze directs attention locationally, while arrows direct attention based on objects.
- Understanding attentional mechanisms is crucial for designing effective human-robot interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if real-world stimuli replicate location-based attention for eye-gaze and object-based attention for arrows.
- To determine if robot eye-gaze elicits location-based or object-based attention.
- To explore the nuances of attentional guidance by arrows compared to eye-gaze.
Main Methods:
- Two experiments were conducted using real-world stimuli.
- Experiment 1 replicated previous findings on human eye-gaze and arrow cues.
- Experiment 2 assessed attentional effects of robot eye-gaze.
Main Results:
- Human eye-gaze consistently directed attention in a location-based manner.
- Robot eye-gaze also directed attention in a location-based manner.
- Arrow cues prioritized specific locations but also spread attention to the entire object, unlike eye-gaze.
Conclusions:
- Eye-gaze, whether human or robotic, orients attention to specific locations.
- Arrows exhibit a dual function, prioritizing locations while also engaging object-based attention.
- Findings inform the design of human-robot interactions by highlighting the role of social cues in attention.
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