Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis With Active Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Case Report.

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Infectious Diseases
• Hepatology

Background:

• Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is an uncommon manifestation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
• Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is a rare and severe neurological condition.
• This case highlights a rare intersection of HBV infection and AHLE.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis in a patient with Hepatitis B virus infection.
• To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes.
• To contribute to the understanding of rare neurological complications associated with HBV.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a 27-year-old female patient.
• Review of clinical symptoms including headaches and seizures.
• Analysis of neuroimaging (e.g., MRI) and brain biopsy results.
• Evaluation of treatment response to corticosteroids and antiviral therapy (tenofovir).

Main Results:

• The patient presented with neurological symptoms suggestive of CNS involvement.
• Diagnostic workup confirmed acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis.
• The patient showed significant clinical improvement following treatment with steroids and tenofovir.
• This suggests a potential therapeutic role for these agents in similar cases.

Conclusions:

• Hepatitis B virus infection can, albeit rarely, lead to severe neurological complications like AHLE.
• Prompt diagnosis and combined therapy (steroids and antiviral agents) can be effective.
• This case underscores the importance of considering rare neurological manifestations in HBV patients.