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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Periodontitis and Atrial Fibrillation.

Stanisław Surma1, Gregory Y H Lip2,3,4

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
|October 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Periodontitis, a common gum disease, significantly increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Treating gum disease may reduce AF risk and improve outcomes for cardiovascular patients.

Keywords:
anticoagulant therapyarrhythmiaatrial fibrillationoral hygieneperiodontal diseaseperiodontitis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Periodontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Periodontitis affects over half the global population and is linked to chronic systemic inflammation.
  • Chronic inflammation is implicated in cardiovascular diseases like atrial fibrillation (AF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the scientific evidence linking periodontitis and atrial fibrillation (AF).
  • To highlight shared risk factors and potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • To advocate for integrating oral health into AF patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of epidemiological and pathophysiological studies.
  • Analysis of mechanisms including immune activation, cytokines, autoimmunity, and oral pathogens.
  • Identification of shared risk factors like obesity, diabetes, and smoking.

Main Results:

  • Moderate to severe periodontitis is associated with a higher risk of developing AF.
  • Periodontitis in AF patients correlates with poorer prognosis, including recurrent arrhythmias and cardiovascular events.
  • Shared risk factors and pathophysiological pathways link periodontitis and AF.

Conclusions:

  • Periodontal treatment can reduce inflammatory markers and potentially lower AF risk.
  • Oral health should be integrated into the comprehensive care of AF patients.
  • Current cardiology guidelines need updating to include the role of periodontitis in AF management.