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Related Concept Videos

Purpose of Health Records I01:11

Purpose of Health Records I

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The vital purpose of health records is to provide a complete and accurate account of a patient's medical history, including communication, diagnostic and therapeutic orders, care planning, research, and quality review.
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Methods of Documentation VII: EMR01:30

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Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) primarily center around electronically documenting patients' health information within a single healthcare organization or practice. They contain essential clinical data related to a patient's medical history, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, lab results, and other pertinent information relevant to the specific encounter or episode of care. EMRs are designed to streamline documentation and workflow processes within individual healthcare...
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Purpose of Health Records II01:19

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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
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Methods of Documentation II: POMR01:26

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The Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR) revolutionized medical record-keeping by introducing a systematic approach focusing on the patient's problems rather than merely listing symptoms. Dr. Lawrence Weed's introduction of this method in the 1960s marked a significant advancement in medical documentation. The POMR framework consists of four key components: the database, problem list, plan of care, and progress notes.
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Methods of Documentation I: Source-Oriented Records01:18

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Source-oriented records, or SOR, are medical record-keeping organized by the data source. The SOR system was first developed in the mid-1900s to organize the growing patient data in hospitals and other healthcare facilities.
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What to call your medical records-based study.

Sarah C Totton1, B Alexander Fonseca Martinez2, Annette M O'Connor2

  • 11Guelph, ON, Canada.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|October 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Veterinary clinical research terms like "retrospective study" and "prospective study" are often misinterpreted. Accurately reporting observational study designs, including specific types like cohort or case-control, is crucial to minimize bias.

Keywords:
electronic health recordsobservational studiesprospectiveretrospectivestudy design

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Clinical Research
  • Epidemiology
  • Research Methodology

Background:

  • Ambiguity in veterinary research terminology, specifically
  • retrospective study
  • and
  • prospective study
  • , can lead to misinterpretation of observational study designs.
  • Study designs such as cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, and case series can be either retrospective or prospective based on data collection timing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a clear framework for accurately identifying and reporting observational study designs in veterinary clinical research.
  • To reduce misinterpretation of study designs by emphasizing the importance of specifying the observational methodology.
  • To offer a practical tool and illustrative examples for investigators.

Main Methods:

  • A viewpoint article presenting a simple classification tool for study designs.
  • Utilized published veterinary clinical research examples to demonstrate the application of the tool.
  • Focused on the relationship between data collection timing and study design nomenclature.

Main Results:

  • Identified common misinterpretations of
  • retrospective
  • and
  • prospective
  • when used without specific study design terms.
  • Demonstrated how different observational designs (cohort, case-control, etc.) can be implemented retrospectively or prospectively.
  • Highlighted the impact of study design and data collection timing on the risk of bias.

Conclusions:

  • Retrospective
  • and
  • prospective
  • should always be accompanied by a specific study design term (e.g., retrospective cohort study) in veterinary research.
  • Accurate reporting of study design is essential for understanding potential biases and ensuring the validity of research findings.
  • Clearer reporting standards will enhance the quality and interpretability of veterinary clinical research.