Potential and applications of mangosteen peel-based macromolecules: A review

Mangosteen peel, typically discarded as waste, is a rich source of polyphenols and bioactive compounds. This review highlights its chemical composition, biological activities, and emerging technological applications. A bibliometric analysis of Web of Science data identified research trends and conceptual structures in the field. Extracts from the peel exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, cytotoxic, and antihyperglycemic properties, primarily attributed to their polyphenolic content. Despite limited industrial use, the multifunctional properties of this material indicate strong potential for value-added applications in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, energy, and agriculture. These findings position mangosteen peel as a promising raw material for sustainable innovation and circular economy strategies.