Return to work with long COVID: a rapid review of support and challenges
Sarah Daniels1, Hua Wei2, Damien M McElvenny2,3
1Division of Population Health, Health Sciences Research and Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK sarah.daniels@manchester.ac.uk.
Objectives:
To explore existing evidence for the provision of support for return to work (RTW) in long COVID (LC) patients and the barriers and facilitators to taking up this support.
Design:
A rapid review reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The study was preregistered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023478126).
Data Sources:
Searches were completed in June 2024 across major databases including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, evidence-based medicine reviews, Web of Science and Google Scholar.
Eligibility Criteria:
Included studies focused on people with LC (PwLC) symptoms lasting over 12 weeks and addressed either: (1) non-workplace- or workplace-based support for RTW and/or (2) barriers and facilitators to RTW in this population.
Data Extraction And Synthesis:
A quality assessment was conducted using the JBI Systematic Reviews critical appraisal tool. The data were summarised in tabular format and a narrative synthesis.
Results:
Twenty-five studies were included. While many studies demonstrated rigorous methodologies and low risk of bias levels, some had high and medium risk levels. Non-workplace-based support was mostly measured quantitatively and included interdisciplinary healthcare programmes, clinical interventions and rehabilitation programmes focusing on pacing and breathing strategies. Compensation and insurance schemes were important funders of these interventions.Workplace-based support was mostly measured qualitatively. Barriers to the provision of support at organisational level included lack of understanding of LC symptoms, insufficient workplace guidance and educational gaps among managers. Individual barriers included threat of income loss, remote working and disconnection from the workplace. Facilitators for support included recognition and validation of LC and its symptoms, and eligibility for disability benefits associated with work.
Conclusions:
RTW is an important outcome of health-related absence and should be systematically recorded in studies of PwLC. The heterogeneity and unpredictability of LC symptoms create challenges for supporting working age populations. Further research is crucial to better understand the specific RTW needs for PwLC and address potential barriers and facilitators to workplace-based support, particularly through interventions, organisational practices and employ-led policies that enable sustained RTW. Consistent guidelines on LC's definition and disability status may facilitate the provision of support and the development of interventions.
Prospero Registration Number:
CRD42023478126.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Classification of Illness
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
01:29Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management
Smoking Cessation
01:29Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care
Assessment:
01:28Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care
01:30Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Nursing Management
Assessment
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction