Identifying physicians' views on compassionate care in daily clinical practice: a multicentre Q-methodology study in...

Compassionate care transcends the mere clinical treatment of illness to encompass the psychological and social dimensions of patient well-being. It is often unclear how physicians from different specialities perceive this complex process. This study aimed at identifying their different views on compassionate care in daily clinical practice.

A Q-methodology study was conducted. This mixed-method methodology combines quantitative and qualitative analysis to identify participants' subjective viewpoints. Participants ranked 53 statements on the dimensions of compassionate care according to their point of view, followed by an interview. Principal component analysis, followed by varimax and additional manual rotation, was used to identify groups that shared similar views.

Two hospitals, one facility for people with disabilities and three private practices in Belgium.

29 physicians from different specialties with clinical practice were purposively sampled.

Three views on compassionate care in daily practice were identified. The task-oriented view attached the most importance to making the best use of clinical knowledge and expertise and acting in the best interest of the patient, accompanied by clear and appropriate communication of medical information. The system-oriented view emphasised an authentic and non-judgemental attitude, as well as a relationship of trust, self-reflection, clinician's well-being and a compassionate working environment. Lastly, in the relationship-oriented view, the focus was on building a relationship of respect and trust with the patient by active listening and getting to know the patient, and engaging him in the care process. The physicians' viewpoints varied by specialty and setting.

The findings of our study and the approach taken contribute to further clarifying the differences in physicians' views on compassionate care in daily clinical practice. Physicians loading on the task-oriented view worked mostly in highly technical or acute care environments. In the system-oriented view, they were active in paediatrics and primary, palliative and mental healthcare. And in the relationship-oriented view, physicians often worked with oncology patients or patients with chronic diseases. These findings may have an impact on a better understanding of compassionate care in different clinical settings, facilitate the design of compassion training and ultimately improve patient care and satisfaction.