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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Can only meat machines be conscious?

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Computational functionalism suggests computations confer consciousness, but subcomputational biological mechanisms may be essential. This challenges AI consciousness and highlights the importance of biological realizers for consciousness in animals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Computational functionalism posits consciousness arises from executing computations, irrespective of the physical substrate.
  • An alternative view suggests subcomputational biological mechanisms are necessary for consciousness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the tension between computational roles and subcomputational biological realizers in theories of consciousness.
  • To assess the implications for artificial intelligence (AI) consciousness and consciousness in simpler animals.

Main Methods:

  • Contrasting computational roles with their subcomputational biological realizers.
  • Analyzing criteria for consciousness based on different theoretical priorities.

Main Results:

  • A systematic tension exists in consciousness criteria: prioritizing computational roles favors AI consciousness, while prioritizing biological realizers favors consciousness in simpler animals.
  • Current consciousness theories are 'meat-neutral', potentially overlooking substrate-specific requirements.

Conclusions:

  • If specific physical substrates are necessary for consciousness, AI may not achieve it.
  • Understanding the role of computational roles versus biological realizers is critical for evaluating consciousness in AI and animals.